¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The
Miao in Southeast Guizhou especially like wearing silver ornaments
during wedding occasion and festivals like
Sisters'meal festival and Dragon boat festival in Shidong, Taijing,
Miao new year in Leishan and Kaili, New rice eating festival and
Miao new year in Danzhai county and Lusheng festival in nearby Kaili
villages, so wearing silver ornaments becomes very important and
necessary for the Miao, thus there appears lots of Miao silver smithes.
¡¡The Miao's
silver technique is quite special and superb, the process of making
silver ornaments is too complicated, here is some useful information
of how silver ornaments made.
¡¡¡¡¡¡The whole
process includes casting and moulding, hammering, weaving and washing.
¡¡¡¡¡¡First of
all, put silver of different shapes into a crucible covered by burning
charcoals, then blow charcoals by a pipe or bellows so as to enhance
temperature. While the silver is completely melt into liquids, pore
it into a small and long rectangular trough.About 20 minutes or
half an hour later, when the silver is solidified, take it out and
hammer it as it is still a little hot. Usually this process is to
hammer silver into rectangular shape. If silver pieces wanted, just
hammer it into a much wilder thin slice, if silver threads needed,
use a board to draw threads on which threads are drawn through small
holes on the board.
¡¡¡¡¡¡Generally
speaking, Miao silver is mainly made of square, round, piece and
thread shapes. The technique of square and round shapes is simple,
it's usually just made by hammering, however piece shape need more
time and labor, firstly hammer the silver into thin pieces, then
cut it into different size of pieces, and put them onto mold plates
and press in order to make them into different patterns according
the requirement. Silver threads making is more sophisticated, there
are two kinds of threads, one is big, the other small, big silver
threads can be an ornament, and small silver threads are the important
and necessary parts of silver ornaments.
¡¡¡¡¡¡The process
of putting all parts of silver ornamets into a finished ornamet
is called weaving, welding is also used together with weaving.
¡¡¡¡¡¡Paste with
boric acid and burn the silver onrament again to make it hot.
¡¡¡¡¡¡Finally
soak the finished silver ornament into a wash basin together with
burnt alum for several times, then brush it and clean it with clean
water, thus the final ornament is made.
¡¡ ¡¡Usually
the silver smith just make silver ornaments for a certain region,
for instance, the silver smith from Shidong, Taiiang just make the
silver patterns for his region, and the silver smith from Kongbai,
Leishan just make silver ornements for that region. But now with the
development of transportation, some of the silver smith from these
regions have left their homes to the other further areas to make silver
ornaments for a new region. I've once seen a silver smith from Kongbai
make silver for the Miao in Tingdong, Congjiang where the Dong is
majority. you know the distance between these two places is about
230kms, thus the silver making technique can be introduced to such
a far area. I also had another experience, I went to visit the Red
embroidery Miao villages several times in Jianhe in 1997, 1998,1999,
I didn't see any silver crowns that time, but now I saw some pictures
of those villages and found some Miao wemen of those villages start
to wear silver crowns which are quite similar to the ones in the regions
of Leishan, so I think the silver smith from Leishan might have been
there and made silver ornaments for the Miao there.
¡¡¡¡But not everyone
has time to travel to the silver smith's village to see Miao silver
ornament making, many of them just travel around Kaili area, there
are two places in Kaili where such tourists can see silver ornament
making, one is in the old street of Kaili during the market day
on Sunday, the other place is the textile market near Jinquanhu
Lake, the best day to visit the textile market is on Friday, in
the Miaomei silver ornament shop you can see silver making.¡¡¡¡
¡¡Finally I
hope this consummate traditional skill will be introduced to the
much poorer region-Northwest Guizhou, hope parents of that region
can have money to prepare silver ornaments for their daughters'
wedding.
|
|
¡¡Melting
silver |
|
¡¡Put
burning silver into a trough |
|
¡¡Pounding
silver into large pieces |
¡¡¡¡ |
¡¡Burning
large pieces of silver |
|
¡¡Large
pieces of silver |
|
¡¡some
tools for making silver |
|
Completed¡¡silver
ornaments worn on Siester's meal festival |
|